Using the Chandra X-ray Observatory to understand the extreme environment around newborn stars. Astronomers use NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes to observe these shock fronts, which help us understand how galaxy clusters form and evolve. Clusters contain huge amounts of hot plasma, and collisions result in the plasma smashing together. Observing the shock waves produced by colliding galaxy clusters. Using the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), astronomers can measure the gamma rays emitted by these extreme jets. These objects produce some of the most powerful jets in the cosmos, and their apparent brightness is enhanced by the fact that the jets are aimed toward Earth. Studying gamma rays emitted by jets emitted by the supermassive black holes called “blazars”. Using the Smithsonian’s Submillimeter Array (SMA) observatory and other telescopes, researchers are able to parse some details of these hard-to-see systems.
While astronomers understand the big picture of how infalling matter drives jets shooting outward, jets form very close to the object that makes them - which is a small region of space, nearly impossible to observe even with the most powerful telescopes. Observing black holes to see how jets form in the first place. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian scientists study the extreme phenomena of shocks, jets, and outflows in many ways:
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